lipids a group of naturally occurring molecules that include fats, waxes, sterols fat soluble vitamins glycerides diglycerides triglycerides phospholipids and other lipids like fat and oils are important raw material in industries like Vanaspati ghee pant and various industries. the name Leopard originate from Greek word lepos which means of fat. repeat the compound of cell membrane transportation across the cellular membrane. lipids provide insulation for the vital organs protecting them from mechanical shock and in maintaining optimum body temperature. these are the important energy storage compound. glycolipid which means carbohydrate combined with fat and lipoprotein are essential for maintaining Cellular integrity.
some of lipid structure above
classification of lipids
Classified on the basis of their physical properties at room temperature whether they are solid or liquid respectively fats and oils their classification preferable based on their structure. lipids are classified on the basis of their hydrolysis product and also according to the similarities and molecular structure
1) simple lipids
a) fats and oil: this gives fatty acid and glycerol on hydrolysis. who is a liquid at ordinary temperature and contain large amount of unsaturated fatty acid and unit where is fats are solid glycerides of saturated fatty acid. lip is obtained from animal origin they are generally fats and oils are generally obtained from vegetable origin
b) waxes: waxes are the esters of fatty acid and long chain alcohols. waxes gives fatty acid and long chain alcohols on hydrolysis. this provide protective coating on the surface up plants. this coating provides plant from infection, adhesive damage and loss of water on transpiration. example: myricylpalmitate, cetapalmitate.these are used in the preparation of Cosmetic, polishes another Pharmaceutical product.
2) compounds lipid: compound lipids consists of more than two types of structural moieties. phospholipids that is glycerol ester of fatty acid. phospholipid or phosphatides gives fatty acid , glycerol, phosporic acid and a nitrogen containing alcohol on a hydrolysis. example alpha-lecithen, Acephalin etc fatty acid most commonly found in lecithins are palmatic, stearic, oleic,linoeleic and arichidonic acid. brain and nerve tissue are rich in phospholipid.
types of phospholipid.
a)sphingolipids
b)glycolipids
a)sphingolipids: it consists of fatty acid, phosphoric acid sphingosine and an alcohol component on hydrolysis.sphingolipids are commonly believed to protect the cell structure against harmful environmental factor performing a mechanical stable and chemically resistant outer leaflet of the plasma membrane lipid bilayer.
b) glycolipids: hydrolysis of glycolipids Give fatty acid, sphingosine or glycerol and carbohydrate. for example glycolipid found in brain tissue is named as ganglioside.
3) derived lipids:they are the substance produced from the simple and compound lipids through the process of hydrolysis. there are many different types of derived lipids, including alcohol, monoglycerides, diglycerides, fatty acids, terpenes. it is mainly act as hormone
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